Nestle Boxed Water Executive Summary Management Essay

Settle Boxed Water Executive Summary Management Essay The primary concern of this report is to show how Nestle will execute their Boxed Water items in the United Kingdom for broadening of their product offering. The report begins by giving some verifiable information about Nestle, and giving a rundown of items that Nestle offers to their clients around the world. It will dissect the business capability of Nestle, and examine the filtered water industry, enhanced by a further examination of our rivals and the large scale condition. It proceeds by talking about the business standards of the United Kingdom, and give some key business challenges for Nestle. At last, the examination prescribes a few proposals to Nestle with respect to the business standards and items required to accomplish supportable development over the long haul and the procedure of the production and offer of Boxed Water in the United Kingdom. List of chapters 1.0 Nestle Settle is a notable Swiss worldwide organization that has some expertise in nourishing food and customer merchandise. The organization is headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, and was set up by Henri Nestle in the year 1866. In its underlying year they were named Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, and in the following thirty nine years the organization would change their name twice. At long last, in the year 1905 the organization changed their name to Nestle. Settle is the biggest food organization on the planet regarding yearly income, and furthermore goes about as significant investor for LOreal (biggest beautifiers organization on the planet). Settle offers different items, for example, Maggi, Stouffers, Nespresso, KitKat, Nescafe, Smarties, Vittel, and Nesquik to worldwide clients. Settle utilizes in excess of 330000 individuals all together in more than 150 nations, and has 461 industrial facilities built up over the globe. Deals income for the organization in the year 2011 was CHF 83.7 billion. Significant achievements for the organization can be summed up in the accompanying way: Timeframe Occasion 1866-1905 The Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company converged with Nestle. 1906-1918 Number of plants diminished because of world war I however the organization began their activities in the USA. 1919-1945 The organization propelled Nescafe. 1946-1975 The organization obtained Alimentana so as to access Maggi items. They likewise turned into a significant investor with LOreal. 1976-1980 The organization entered in pharmaceutical market by obtaining Alcon Laboratories of USA 1981-1995 The organization gained American food goliath Carnation to improve their primary concern. In 1986, the organization entered coffee espresso portion by propelling Nespresso. 1996-2005 The organization extended their activity in the section of wellbeing, sustenance, and health with the assistance of arrangement of obtaining. 2006-2009 The organization gained Medical Nutrition unit of Novartis. The organization set up shared worth gathering in New York. 2010-2012 The organization propelled Cocoa Plan so as to gracefully infection safe plantlets to ranchers. (Source: Nestle, 2012) 1.1 Nestle Bottled Water The filtered water section contributes a lot of item expansion for the organization. A way that Nestle has had the option to keep up their predominance of the filtered water industry overall is through contribution various brands of filtered water. A portion of these brands are: Settle Pure Life The organization propelled Pure Life in the year 1998. This item is as of now being sold in more than twenty nations. Perrier This is a type of shining mineral water. Settle acquainted this brand all together with enter the shining mineral water fragment. Poland Spring This is the most established mineral water brand on the planet. Settle has kept up the brand for a long time. S. Pellegrino Nestle propelled this brand so as to access top eateries on the planet. S. Pellegrino is a type of drinking water blended in with minerals (Nestle, 2012). 1.2 Analysis of Product arrangement of Nestle The vast majority know Nestle by their image and item portfolio. The item arrangement of Nestle can be summed up in the accompanying graph: (Source: Nestle, 2012) The organization keeps up a wide item portfolio so as to repay misfortune from any single fragment. Deals volume for the organization is expanding at a pace of over 3% during the most recent couple of years. Fragment savvy item portfolio can be partitioned into three sections like food refreshments, sustenance and frozen yogurt. The organization is continually flourishing to discover greatness in item advancement and administration conveyance. The organization accomplished 7.7% of natural development in the time of 2011 by keep up their huge item portfolio. The accompanying segment will talk about item development in Nestle. Section Item Target Market Business Strategy Frozen yogurt Settle Gold Portugal, Spain, and Greece The organization worked together with Haagen-Dazs so as to give premium quality frozen yogurt to clients and they did it so as to accomplish item enhancement Water Perrier 150 nations over the globe Settle differentiated their business into the filtered water portion. The organization utilized an advanced stage to draw in clients with the Perrier brand Espresso Nescafe Alegria In excess of 60 nations The organization propelled a simple to utilize moment espresso machine to flip the brand. Pet Product Purina Netherlands , Austria and Germany Unique TV advertisement for pooches and canine proprietors. With assistance of this movement the organization entered the web 4.0 time Nourishing milk Mother me South Asian nations They extended their dispersion channels by enrolling nourishment officials (Source: Nestle, 2012a) Top performing brands of the organization have helped them win regard from clients. The accompanying segment will talk about commitment of brands conveyed by the organization towards by and large natural development. By and large Organic Growth 7.7% Nescafe Nan Milo Nespresso Unadulterated Life Nido Maggi 11% 18% 13% 22% 11% 11% 10% (Source: Nestle, 2012) 1.3 Organizational Structure of (Nestle, 2012) D. P. Frick (Corporate Service Governance) J.- M. Duvoisin (Human Resource) R. Ramsauer (Corporate Communication) P. Bulcke (CEO) L. Cantarell (Nestle Health Science) P. Brabeck-Letmathe (Chairman) Official Board (P. Bulcke, W. Bauer, J. Lopez, J. J. Harris, L. Freixe, C. Johnson, P. Bula, N. Nandkishore, W.L. Martello, M. Caira, J.- M. Duvoisin, K. Schmidt and D.P. Frick C. Johnson (USA Head) N. Nandkishore (Asia/Africa/Oceania Head) L. Freixe (Europe Zone Head) J. J. Harris (Nestle Water) M. Caira (Nestle Professional) K. Schmidt (Nestle Nutrition) W. Bauer (Technology, RD P. Bula (Marketing Sales) J. Lopez (Operation) W.L. Martello (Finance Control) P. Bulcke (CEO) 1.4 Global Presence of Nestle The organization works in more than one hundred and fifty nations. As of late the organization has propelled their nourishment item section in the South Asian Market. Africa is additionally getting worthwhile as far as nourishing item for the organization. The partnership began their first worldwide activity very nearly 100 years back, and the business has divided their universal activity into two sections: created showcase and developing business sector. The accompanying graph will clarify the global business development of Nestle. Created Market Absolute Contribution to aggregate Sales Natural Growth 60% 4.3% France 6.4% Portugal, Spain, UK 3.7% Japan 3.6% North America 2.5% Developing Market Absolute Contribution to aggregate Sales Natural Growth 40% 13% China 23% India 20% Africa 18% Mexico 14% (Source: Nestle, 2012) Worldwide activity of the organization comprehended with the assistance of zone wide examination: 1.4.1 American Zone The American market is as of now soaked because of the nearness of countless customer solid organizations. In this circumstance Nestle has expanded their business into the solidified nourishments and chocolate section by propelling DiGiorno and Skinny Cow to draw in clients. The organization likewise did association with Hã ¤agen-Dazs so as to build variety in their frozen yogurt items. In Latin America, the organization performed well with their dissolvable espresso items and accomplished twofold digit development. 1.4.2 Europe Zone The European market is experiencing a budgetary emergency, so by and large deals development for the organization has not been extremely alluring for most recent two years. In this unsure period, Nestle has received a development procedure to balance horrible showing in their diverse item sections. Settle has presented an inventive product offering: Nescafe Dolce Gusto, Herta, and Nescafe Sensazione, to draw in clients. This technique was fruitful for the organization to get deals from east and focal Europe. 1.4.3 Asia, Africa Oceania Zone The organization has had a nearness in this area for over 100 years. As of late, they have praised their multi year commemoration in the accompanying nations: Turkey (1908-2008), Philippines (1911-2011) and India (1912-2012). Maggi and Nescafe are one of the most famous items in this district while the organization broadened their product offering with Nido fundamental and Nescafe Milky so as to provide food request of individuals have a place with the Afro-Asian area. The organization as of late propelled their sustenance division to build infiltration in the locale. 1.5 Mission Objective of Nestle The organization consistently flourishes for accomplishing initiative situation in Health Wellness, and sustenance fragment. Settle additionally needs to be a reference in the business for their money related execution. 1.6 Strategic Advantage of Nestle 1.6.1 Competitive Advantage The organization has painstakingly structured their item portfolio so as to a keep up offset with advertise request. The item portfolio kept up by the organization can't be effectively duplicated by their rivals. The organization has arranged their item portfolio in understanding to request of each zone, for example, America, Europe and Asia. The enterprise contributes huge measure of capital on innovative work to deliver better items. The organization previously settled on a concurrence with a famous college to open an examination division for the

What relationships do you find between gran nursing theories and Coursework

What connections do you find between gran nursing speculations and application to clinical practice.provide one model that utilizes a particular gran run hypothesis to help your perspectives - Coursework Example For example Orlando’s nursing process hypothesis offers bits of knowledge on the nursing procedure (Parker and Smith, 2010). This hypothesis noticed that medical attendants should interface with patients and assurance that patients get what they need by concentrating on the verbal and non-verbal articulation of the patient. Basically, fantastic speculations offer a general system for organizing of nursing intercessions (Meleis, 2007). Orlando’s nursing process hypothesis gives a system of easing trouble among the patients by concentrating on the responses of the medical attendants to the patient’s conduct (Blais et al., 2006) McEwen and Smith (2014) recognize that the essential idea of a fantastic hypothesis is to coordinate the procedures of nursing. For example, Orlando’s nursing process hypothesis is straightforwardly connected to rehearse as it coordinates the systems of nursing care by concentrating on the reactions of the medical caretakers to the conduct and activities of the patient (Meleis, 2007). The ideas of this hypothesis fill in as classifications to the medical caretaker in setting up what data is noteworthy and ought to be accumulated to survey and plan nursing analyze (Blais et al., 2006). Prominently, conceptual ideas from terrific hypotheses direct all the phases of nursing tasks, including arranging, embrace and assessment of nursing care, while likewise disclosing the ideal responses to mind and results of

The James-Lange Theory of Emotion

The James-Lange Theory of Emotion Theories Print The James-Lange Theory of Emotion By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 02, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What causes emotions? What factors control how emotions are experienced? What purpose do emotions serve? Such questions have fascinated psychologists for hundreds of years and a number of different theories have emerged to explain how and why we have emotions. One of the early theories proposed by researchers was known as the James-Lange theory of emotion.?? Proposed independently by psychologist  William James  and physiologist Carl Lange, the  James-Lange theory of emotion  suggested that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. In other words, this theory proposes that people have a physiological response to environmental stimuli and that their interpretation of that physical response then results in an emotional experience.?? Hugo Lin / Verywell How Does the James-Lange Theory Work? According to this theory, witnessing an external stimulus leads to a physiological response. Your emotional reaction depends on how you interpret those physical reactions.?? Example Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened (I am trembling. Therefore I am afraid.) William James explained, My thesis, on the contrary, is that the bodily changes follow directly the PERCEPTION of the exciting fact and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion. For another example, imagine that you are walking through a dark parking garage toward your car. You notice a dark figure trailing behind you and your heart begins to race. According to the James-Lange theory, you then interpret your physical reactions to the stimulus as fear. Therefore, you feel frightened and rush to your car as quickly as you can. Both James and Lange believed that while it was possible to imagine experiencing an emotion such as fear or anger, your imagined version of the emotion would be a flat facsimile of the real feeling. Why? Because they felt that without the actual physiological response that they believed precipitated the emotions, it would be impossible to experience these emotions on demand. In other words, the physical reaction needs to be present in order to actually experience real emotion. Why Do We Have Emotions? Impact Prior to the James-Lange theory, the standard line of thought was that people the first reaction to a perception was cognitive. Physical responses then occurred as a reaction to that thought. The James-Lange approach instead suggested that these physiological responses occur first and that they play a major role in the experience of emotion.?? While it might seem like a small distinction in the sequence of events, the theory had an important impact on psychology and the understanding of emotions.    While influential, however, not everyone agreed that physical responses were what led to emotions. The German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt was one of the first to critique the theory. He instead suggested that emotions were a primal, hard-wired sensory response.   It was not long before other researchers challenged this viewpoint and proposed their own theories to explain the emotional experience.?? The  Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, proposed in the 1920s by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard, directly challenged the James-Lange theory. Cannon and Bards theory instead suggests that our physiological reactions, such as crying and trembling, are caused by our emotions.?? While modern researchers largely discount the James-Lange theory, there are some instances where physiological responses do lead to experiencing emotions. Developing a panic disorder and specific phobias are two examples.?? For example, a person may experience a physiological reaction such as becoming ill in public, which then leads to an emotional response such as feeling anxious. If an association is formed between the situation and the emotional state, the individual might begin avoiding anything that might then trigger that particular emotion. Criticisms One major criticism of the theory was that neither James nor Lange based their ideas upon anything that remotely resembled controlled experiments.?? Instead, the theory was largely the result of introspection and correlational research. Both James and Lange did present some clinical findings to support their theory. For example, Lange cited one physicians observations that blood flow to the skull increased when a patient was angry, which he interpreted as supporting his idea that a physical response to a stimuli led to the experience of that emotion. It was the later work of neuroscientists and experimental physiologists who demonstrated further flaws with the James-Lange theory of emotions. For example, researchers found that both animals and humans who had experienced major sensory losses were still capable of experiencing emotions. According to both James and Lange, physiological responses should be necessary to truly experience emotion.?? However, researchers discovered that even those with muscle paralysis and lack of sensation were able to still feel emotions such as joy, fear, and anger.?? Another issue with the theory is that when tested by applying electrical stimulation, applying stimulation to the same site does not lead to the same emotions every time. A person may have the exact same physiological response to a stimulus, yet experience an entirely different emotion. Factors such as the individuals existing mental state, cues in the environment, and the reactions of other people can all play a role in the resulting emotional response. Support While it seems as if the James-Lange theory should be nothing more than something you might study for its historical significance, it maintains its relevance today because researchers continue to find evidence that supports at least some parts of Jamess and Langes original ideas.?? The introduction of new technology allowed psychology to get a better understanding of how the brain and body respond during an emotional reaction. One classic study published in 1990 provided some support for the James-Lange theory, finding that when people were asked to make facial expressions for different emotions, they also displayed slight differences in their psychological reactions such as heart rate and skin temperature.?? Some other evidence in support of the theory: Brain scan studies have revealed that basic emotions elicit distinct patterns of activity in neural networks in the brain.??Studies also suggest that the perception of internal physical states plays a role in how people experience emotions. One study, for example, found that participants who were more sensitive to their bodys physical signals also experienced more negative emotions such as anxiety. A Word From Verywell Emotions make up such a huge part of our lives so it is not surprising that researchers have devoted so much effort toward understanding the how and why behind our emotional responses. The James-Lange theory of emotion represents just one of the earliest theories. While the theories have been criticized and altered considerably over the years, Jamess and Langes ideas continue to exert an influence today. The theory has been modified over time and competing theories of emotion such as the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion and Schacters two-factor theory of emotion have also been introduced. Today, many researchers would instead suggest that rather than our emotions being the result of physical reactions as James and Lange suggested, our emotional experiences are instead modified by both physiological reactions along with other information. Are Emotions Universal?

Process Work - 3486 Words

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The Comedy of Hamlet Essay - 1191 Words

How does the use of comic relief best contrast the tragedy of Hamlet? In great works of literature a comic relief is used as contrast to a serious scene to intensify the overall tragic nature of the play or to relieve tension. As illustrated in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, intense scenes are joined with character’s banter and vacuous actions as to add a comic relief. In Hamlet, Polonius acts as a comic relief by his dull and windy personality, Hamlet uses his intelligence and his negativity toward the king and queen to create humor, while on the other hand Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are a comic relief by their senseless actions and naà ¯ve natures. Polonius, Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are all used as a comic relief to†¦show more content†¦Another instance where Polonius is a comic relief is when Hamlet is inviting the players into the castle. 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Leadership Theory Free Essays

A manager who is also a leader may be defined as someone who oversees tasks, is accountable for meeting goals, pays attention to profit objectives, and has a â€Å"vision† of where the company is going and why. Decisions reflect an understanding of larger long-term goals. Early research in the field includes the Michigan Leadership Studies (Likert, 1961), which involved interviews with managers and subordinates to determine effective leadership behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The studies isolated and identified at least two major supervisor orientations. They were job-centered or task-oriented behavior and employee-centered or relations-based managerial behavior. Researchers assumed the two types of managerial orientations were exclusive and represented two ends of a continuum with managers being one or the other but not both. About the same time, researchers at Ohio State University were conducting similar leadership studies. The research, which included data from military and industrial institutions, focused on relations-based decision making. The studies identified at least two typologies that were called consideration behavior and initiating-structure behavior. In the former, the manager considers the needs and ideas of subordinates before making decisions. In the latter, the manager clearly defines the duties of subordinates and communicates their functions to them. These were similar to the Michigan typologies, however the Ohio State researchers suggested that managers were not necessarily one kind of leader. Rather, they concluded that a manager could possess more than one orientation and successful managers could and did alternate styles as circumstances changed. The research described previously was helpful in identifying and confirming certain leadership behaviors. However, it was not complex enough to account for different organizational settings or individual deviations, nor did it explain how employees interpreted apparent inconsistencies when they witnessed managers adopting alternate styles of management as circumstances changed. The human relations school trains the foreman to become a leader, implicitly following the traditional model of one-dimensional leadership, widely accepted in political science and the study of history. It is assumed that there is one leader, and that he fulfills the various elite roles, including those that would be defined as instrumental and as expressive by Parsons and Bales (1953). The foreman is trained to direct the production activity of his team, control the pace and quality of its work, advise on technical matters, and represent management in general to the workers. At the same time he is trained to be close to his workers, their friend, a person to whom they can turn for advice and support in personal matters, and so on. If the propositions presented above concerning the dual-elite structure of collectivities are valid, it follows that in order for the human relations line of training to be effective, a foreman would have to be recruited from the limited group of human beings who can effectively fulfill both roles. The rarity of this ability is reflected in the term chosen by Borgatta, Bales, and Couch (1954) to refer to such people: â€Å"great men.† But there is no reason to believe that foremen are really recruited to any significant degree from this rare and highly sought-after group, nor does the human relations tradition recognize the need for such highly selective recruitment. Halpin (1954) showed that the same problem exists when bomber commanders attempt to follow a human relations policy with regard to their men. The subordinates value â€Å"consideration,† whereas those higher in rank than the commanders emphasize â€Å"initiating structure.† The terms consideration and initiating structure, central to the various Ohio leadership studies, come close to the concepts expressive and instrumental as they are used here. The studies stress individualism rather than collectivism. This impacts how workers and managers regard their own relationships as well as those between the company and the individual. If organizational culture is seen as opposed to individualization or as something that impedes or diverts the individual, then supervisor-subordinate conflict is sure to occur in companies where Western values are prevalent. Such conflict affects morale and, in turn, employee production. All media managers must fit their personalities to an existing culture when they join a company. The cultural context, therefore, bears important consideration in all discussions of leadership behavior. As media companies expand into international arenas, it makes sense to understand the various dimensions for cultural analysis. That is, symbols, language, task definitions, and acceptable behaviors vary between workers, countries and even media. A good manager will balance personal style or preference with complex situational variables. Culture is a construct that underlies behavior and beliefs within a company and the society in which it operates. It guides, explains, and predicts processes and products of a media company. Organizational culture can be â€Å"observed† through categorizing and noting patterns of behavior, styles of dress, backgrounds of those hired and promoted, and so forth. Culture also can be defined in terms of shared values or assumptions workers hold about the world and human nature. Such common belief systems result in predictable behaviors and confirming rituals. How to cite Leadership Theory, Essays Leadership Theory Free Essays BA365 Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership; to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process. Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities of the fol lowers and aspects of the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Situational Theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Cherry, 2012) Per our book the Hersey and Blanchard’s extension of the leadership grid focusing on the characteristics of followers as the important element of the situation, and consequently, of determining effective leader behavior. (Daft, 2011) Behavioral theories leadership is based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Cherry, 2012) Trait Theory The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders both successful and unsuccessful and is used to predict leadership effectiveness. (Daft, 2011) The resulting lists of traits are then compared to those of potential leaders to assess th eir likelihood of success or failure. Scholars taking the trait approach attempted to identify physiological, demographic, personality, intellective, task-related, and social characteristics with leader emergence and leader effectiveness. â€Å"Trait Theory of Leadership†, 2012) Among the core traits identified are: achievement drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business, emotional maturity, charisma, creativity and flexibility. (â€Å"Trait Theory of Leadership†, 2012) Strengths of Trait Theory include: it’s naturally pleasing, and it gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. (â€Å"Trait Theory of Leadership†, 2012) There are some limitations of the Trait Theory. They include: subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a good or successful leader and the list of possible traits tends to be very long. (â€Å"Trait Theory of Leadership†, 2012) Contingency Theory In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. (Daft, 2011) Fiedler’s contingency theory is the earliest and most extensively researched. Fiedler’s approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting that group performance is contingent on the leader’s psychological orientation and on three contextual variables: group atmosphere, task structure, and leader’s power position. (â€Å"Contingency Theory of Leadership†, 2012) Fielder came up with his approach to leadership after realizing that leaders could function well if they changed their styles to suit the situation at hand. (Smith, 2012) According to Fiedler, leadership style may be defined as the way leaders and employees interact with one another. Smith, 2012) It should be noted that Fielder’s theory does not cover all the possible factors affecting leadership. Some leaders may be more effective if they undergo training or gain experience on the job. Such factors have not been accounted for by the contingency theory. (Smith, 2012) Fielder was trying to say that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Leaders can either be effective in certain situations and not all of them. Therefore, all individuals can become leaders if they choose the most appropriate situation to apply their leadership styles. Smith, 2012) Additionally, it is possible to make a leader more effective by altering the following; position power, task structure and leader member relationships. Situational Theory The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that leadership of employees must be adapted to the skills and job maturity of the individual employee. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) The situational leadership style includes four leadership’s styles. They include telling, selling, participating and delegating. Also the situational theory includes four maturity levels. They include: M1, M2, M3 and M4. Telling is characterized by a strong leader categorizing roles for the employees, and who conducts his leadership with one-way communication. This leadership style is very autocratic, and is based upon followers being told what to do. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) Selling is characterized by a strong leader providing direction, but there is more communication with followers. Leaders are trying to sell their messages to the followers, so that the followers understand the importance of their duties, and understand why different processes are important for the organization. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) Participating is characterized by two-way communication and shared decision making. Leaders include followers in job related aspects and in how task are to be accomplished. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) And Delegating is characterized by a leader leaving much of the decision making power to the followers. Leaders are still monitoring progress, but are not as heavily involved in decision making processes. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) The maturity level M1 is followers with this level of maturity lack knowledge, skills, or confidence to work on their own. They often need to be directed and supervised before they take on tasks. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) Maturity level M2 is followers in this category are still unable to take independent responsibility for tasks, but they are generally willing to work at the task. â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) Maturity level M3 are followers in this category are very experienced and able to perform the task at hand satisfactorily. And they do not have the confidence to take on sole responsibility for task accomplishment. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) With Maturity level M4, followers are experienced, and believe that they are able to perform well. They are not only able and willing to per form their tasks, but are also willing to take on independent responsibility for the accomplishment of tasks. By using the situational leadership model, leaders honor the different needs of individuals, leaders may increase the learning curve of followers, and get a more skilled and motivated workforce in return. (â€Å"What is the Situational†, 2010) Behavioral Theory Behavioral approach does not focus on the internal states or mental qualities of the leaders. Based on this theory, a person can learn to be a leader through observation and teaching. This theory believed that the environment is a big factor of how a leader behaves. Most behaviorists assume that in order to understand the behavior of the leaders must be observed. Every behavior can be observed and monitored through the responses in every stimulus. The behavioral theory also assumes that the qualities of a leader are developed, and everyone starts with a clean slate. It is believed that the qualities of a leader are formed based also on the environmental factors. (â€Å"Behavioral Approach†, 2012) Conclusion So in conclusion I discussed in this paper four of the Leadership theories that we have learned about in this class. I went through and defined Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral theories. I also discussed the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each theory. References Behavioral Approach. (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http://qualities-of-a-leader. com/behavioral-approach/ Cherry, K (2012). Leadership Theories – 8 Major Leadership Theories. Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http://psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm Contingency Theory of Leadership (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http://www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Organizational%20Communication/Contingency_Theories. doc/ Daft, R. L. (2011). The Leadership How to cite Leadership Theory, Essay examples

Walt Disney Company free essay sample

The Walt Disney Company is a diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise business. They have five business segments which are media network, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. Disney Media Network consists of broadcast, cable, radio, publishing and digital businesses within the Disney/ABC Television Group and ESPN, Inc. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is comprised of family oriented parks and resorts all around the world. They are the world’s largest provider for family travel. The Walt Disney Studios is the foundation in which The Walt Disney Company was built. It provides movies and music to consumers. Disney Consumer Products is the business segment in which Disney brand merchandise is sold. It consists of apparel, toys, home decor, books, animation art, etc. Disney Interactive is the business segment that provides digital media entertainment to consumers such as console games, online virtual worlds, and websites. These five diverse areas bring great success to Disney. We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Disney Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Company started as a cartoon studio in 1923 when Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice comedies. The Company was first known as The Disney Brothers Studio. November 18, 1928 marks the release of the first Mickey Mouse Cartoon. The 1930’s brought the first color cartoon, Donald Duck and Disney’s first feature-length film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In the 1940’s, Disney issues its first stock and Walt Disney Music Company is formed. In 1955 the first Disney Park opened in Anaheim, California. In 1971, Walt Disney World Resort opened in Orlando, Florida. In 1983, the Disney Channel began broadcasting. On May 6, 1991 the Company joined the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Throughout the 2000’s Disney acquired Fox Family, renaming it ABC Family, Pixar Animation Studios, Club Penguin and launched a new cable network, Disney XD. While only a few highlights of Disney’s history have been mentioned, it is obvious that Disney has continued to grow through their existence and has a monopoly on family entertainment. They also have cruise ships, Disney stores, radio stations, websites and many other Disney ventures. Disney’s gross revenue has increased dramatically over the years. The 2002 Annual Report reports $25.3 million of gross revenue and the 2012 Annual Report reports $42. 2 million. That is a $16. 9 million dollar increase in revenue over 10 years. Each year their revenue increases between $1. 5 million and $3 million a year. That is an extremely large increase in revenue each year. Disney is doing something right with all their ventures. As Disney’s gross r evenue increases, their net income also increases. Their 2012 net income after taxes was $5. 6 million. In most recent years, Disney has been growing faster than ever thanks to smart decisions by management such as the addition of Marvel Entertainment. Disney’s brand, image and ability to stay diverse are what have caused their continued growth. Disney is a recognized and well-known brand. The characters (Mickey, Mini, Donald Duck, etc. ) that have been created under the Disney brand help their image. Such characters have assisted in the ability for Disney to capitalize the market of children. While the brand and character recognized have played into the continued growth of Disney, their largest asset of being and staying diverse is what has sustained their growth. They have a solid domination in the entertainment and theme park industries. While the theme parks have helped in the growth of Disney, they hold exceptionally high costs. They have the cost of maintenance and updating. If you have ever been to a Disney Park, they are exceptionally clean. This is wonderful but costly. If the guest volume at the parks was to suddenly decrease, then their revenue would decrease, but the costs would not decrease and then such high costs could get in the way of future financial abilities for Disney. To continue their growth in business and revenue, Disney has begun to globalize. They have been working to expand in France and Japan building Disneyland Paris and Tokyo Disney Resort. Having the opportunities to expand in other countries creates and allows more opportunities for sales and an increase in performance. Even though Disney has a solid and successful existence in the entertainment industry, they do have some threats that could negatively impact their profitability in the future. The major threat is competition. There is high competition and growth of other industry giants such as Time Warner which may create a problem for Disney to sustain as the leader in the industry. If Disney was to lose the status of leader, it could negatively affect their sales and performance. While Disney’s has had revenue growth, it appears they have also been taking on more debt. The good news is the increased growth justifies the added leverage of debt. If we look at their liquidity ratios (See Exhibit 1), their current ratio, which measures the ability to pay short-term obligations is 1. 06. Because the ratio is more than 1, Disney has enough assets to cover their liabilities. Their quick ratio, which measures the ability to meet short-term obligation with most liquid assets is 0. Being that this ratio is less than 1, Disney is not able to cover their liabilities with their most liquid assets. However the ratio is just below 1, so they will be able to pay most of their liabilities. Looking at leverage ratios, the debt to equity ratio, which indicates what portion of equity and debt is used to finance assets, is 37%. This means that Disney uses more equity to finance assets than liabilities. They are less aggressive when it comes to financing growth with debt, which reduces the company’s risk. Now let’s look at profitability ratios. Disney’s return on assets, which measures how profitable a firm is relative to its total assets is 7. 59%. Their return on equity, which measures the profitability a firm is relative to the money shareholders invest, is 14. 29%. The net profit margin, which indicates how much of every dollar of sales is kept, is 13. 44%. Over the last three years this percentage has increased each year. This indicates that Disney has an increasing level of earnings. Disney has overall average asset management ratios as well. Their inventory turnover, which illustrates how often inventory is sold and replaced, is 27.51%. This percentage implies that Disney has strong sales and effective buying. Receivable turnover measures the effectiveness of collecting debt. Disney’s receivable turnover is 6. 46% which has decreased from the prior year and implies that inefficient collection of accounts receivable. Total asset turnover is the amount of sales generated for every dollar worth of assets. Disney’s total asset turnover ratio is . 56 which indicates they could do more to efficiently use its assets to produce more sales. My analysis of Disney’s financial ratios is that they are in a good position. They have consistently increased their earnings, have enough assets to cover their liabilities and they use more equity then debt to financing their growth. They could work on their receivable turnover, but overall have good ratios in my opinion. It seems that Disney has been making smart management and financial decisions and is a very profitable company. Disney went public on November 12, 1957. Their first day public, stock closed at $13. 88. On March 1, 2013 Disney’s stock closed at $55. 33. Over the last six months, their stock prices have ranged from $47 to $55. Disney’s stock has a history of remarkable performance with strong, healthy dividends and has split numerous times. They have had four 2 for 1 splits, two 4 for 1 splits and one 3 for 1 split. Disney’s issues dividends on an annual basis at a designated price for share to shareholders. In December 2012, they issued a $0. 75 dividend per share. While Disney has great financial and stock data, a potential stockholder may want additional information that is not included in the financial reports such as ideas of new business ventures and future acquisitions. Disney has had great success with both new ventures and acquisitions but they are risky and capable of having a negative impact. An investor may want to know of such before making the decision to invest. I personally would invest in Disney for a few reasons. First of all, they are the largest entertainment company and have proven to be very successful in all their ventures. Disney has a diversified portfolio of companies and brands with overall high profits. The stock prices continue to rise as well as the dividend for share price. I think that as Disney continues to grow and take on new ventures, their stock prices will continue to rise, leaving room for a gain if shareholders decide to sell their stock. I think Disney is an overall good stock to acquire. Another part of Disney that I personally found interesting and most probably don’t even know is that Disney owns ABC, ABC Family and ESPN. I was shocked about ESPN because it really does not have anything to do with Disney or family. Disney has also owns the Anaheim Angels. It’s amazing how many different ventures Disney has either created or acquired. With increasing revenues each year, Disney has obviously made some smart decisions. They are a huge company with a monopoly on the entertainment industry. Based on the increasing revenues and net income and successful stocks, my assessment of Disney’s future performance in the short term and long term is that they will continue to grow and be successful. Disney has had a long successful history of being innovative and able to adapt to changes in the industry. They have continuously created new ideas, products and ways to be diverse. Such success and innovation poises a very well future. Sources The Walt Disney Company. The Walt Disney Company. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013 Walt Disney Co. (DIS) | Corporate Profile. Stock Analysis on Net. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013 The Walt DisneyA Company. About. com Animation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013 Beyman, Michael J. The History of Disney Stock. EHow. Demand Media, 07 May 2009. Web. 02 Mar. 2013. 3 Reasons Beginning Investors Should Buy Disney. (DIS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Mar. 2013