Herb Baumeister - Serial Killer Profile

Herb Baumeister - Serial Killer Profile Herbert Herb Baumeister (a.k.a. The I-70 Strangler) was an alleged serial killer from Westfield, Indiana. Authorities believe that from 1980 - 1996, Baumeister murdered up to 27 men in Indiana and Ohio.   Whatever knowledge Baumeister had about the missing men, no one will ever know. On July 3, 1996, 10 days after investigators uncovered the skeletal remains of at least 11 victims that were buried on his property, Herb Baumeister, husband and father of three, fled to Sarnia, Ontario, where he pulled over into a park and shot himself dead. Herbert Baumeister's Younger Years Herbert Richard Baumeister was born on April 7, 1947, to Dr. Herbert E. and Elizabeth Baumeister in Butler-Tarkington, Indianapolis. Baumeister was the oldest of four children. Dr. Baumeister was a successful anesthesiologist, and soon after the last child was born, the family moved to the affluent area of northern Indianapolis called Washington Township. By all accounts, young Herbert had a normal childhood. When he reached adolescence, he changed. Herbert began to obsess on things that were vile and disgusting. He developed a macabre sense of humor and appeared to lose his ability to judge right from wrong. Rumors circulated about him urinating on his teachers desk. One time he pocketed a dead crow that he found on the road, and placed it on his teachers desk. His peers began distancing themselves from him, leery of being associated with his strange, morbid behavior. In class, Baumeister was often disruptive and volatile. His teachers reached out to his parents for help. The Baumeisters had also noticed the unusual changes in their eldest son. Dr.Baumeister sent him for a series of tests and medical evaluation. The final diagnosis was that Herbert was schizophrenic and suffered from multiple personality disorder. What was done to help the boy is unclear, but it appears that the Baumeisters decided not to seek treatment, probably for a good reason considering the options? Carl Purcell / Getty Images During the 1960s electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was the most common treatment for schizophrenia. Those inflicted with the disease were often institutionalized. It was also an accepted practice to shock unruly patients several times a day, not with any hope of curing them, but to make them more manageable for hospital staff. It wasnt until the mid-1970s that drug therapy replaced ECTs because it was more humane and produced better results. A lot of patients taking the drug therapy could leave the hospital environment and lead fairly normal lives. Whether or not Baumeister ever received drug therapy is not known.   Herbert continued in public high school, somehow managing to maintain his grades, but completely failing socially. The schools extracurricular energy was focused on sports, and the members of the football team and their friends were the most popular clique.  Baumeister was in awe of this tight group and continually tried to gain their acceptance, but was repeatedly rejected. For him, it was all or nothing. Either he would be accepted into the group, or be alone. He finished his final year in high school in solitude. College and Marriage In 1965 Baumeister attended Indiana University. Again he dealt with being an outcast because of his strange behavior. He dropped out in his first semester.  Pressured by his father, he returned in 1967 to study anatomy, but then dropped out again before the semester was over, but this time being at IU was not a total loss. Before dropping out, he met Juliana Saiter, who was a high school journalism teacher and part-time IU student. Herbert and Juliana began dating and found that they had a lot in common. Besides being politically aligned with their extremely conservative ideology, they also shared an entrepreneurial spirit and dreamed of one day owning their own business. In 1971 they married, but six months into the marriage, for unknown reasons, Baumeisters father had Herbert committed to a mental institution where he would stay for two months. Whatever happened did not ruin his marriage. Juliana was in love with her husband, his odd behavior notwithstanding. The Need to Be Somebody Baumeisters father managed to pull strings and got Herbert a job as a copyboy at The Indianapolis Star newspaper. The job entailed running news reporters copy from one desk to another and other errands. It was a low-level position, but Baumeister dove into it, eager to start a new career. Each day he would come to work immaculately dressed and ready for his assignments. Unfortunately, his efforts to constantly gain positive feedback from the top brass became an irritant. He obsessed over ways to fit in with his co-workers and bosses but never succeeded. Soured and unable to handle his nobody status, he eventually left the position for a job at the Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV). The Taste of Recognition Baumeister began his new entry-level job at the BMV with an entirely different attitude. At the newspaper his demeanor was childlike and overeager, displaying hurt feelings when his expectations for recognition were not met. But that was not the case at the BMV. There he immediately came off bossy and overly aggressive toward his co-workers and would lash out at them for no reason. It was as if he was playing a role, emulating what he perceived as being good supervisory behavior. Again, Baumeister was labeled as an oddball. Not only was his behavior erratic, but his sense of propriety was at times way off. One year he sent a Christmas card to everyone at work that pictured himself with another man, both dressed in holiday drag. Back in the early 70s, few saw the humor in such a card. Raised eyebrows and talk around the water cooler was that Baumeister was a closet homosexual and a nutcase. After working at the Bureau for 10 years, despite Baumeisters poor relationship with his coworkers, he was recognized for being an intelligent go-getter that produced results. He was rewarded with a promotion to program director. But in 1985, and within a year of the promotion he had so yearned for, he was terminated after he urinated on a letter addressed to then-governor of Indiana, Robert D. Orr. The act also put to rest all the rumors as to who was responsible for the urine that was found on his managers desk months earlier.   A Caring Father Nine years into of marriage, he and Juliana started a family; Marie was born in 1979, Erich in 1981, and Emily in 1984. Before Herbert losing his job at the BMV, things seemed to be going well so Juliana quit her job to become a full-time mother, but returned to work when her husband could not find steady work. As a temporary stay-at-home Dad, Herbert proved to be a caring and loving father to his children. But being jobless left him with too much time on his hands and, unknown to Juliana, he began drinking a lot and hanging out at gay bars. Arrested In September 1985 Baumeister received a slap on the hand after being charged with a hit and run accident while driving drunk. Six months later he was charged with stealing a friends car and conspiracy to commit theft, but managed to beat those charges as well. In the meantime, he bounced around at different jobs until he began working at a thrift shop. At first, he disliked the job and considered it beneath him, but then he saw that it was a potential money-maker. Over the next three years, he focused on learning the business. It was during this time that his father died. What impact that event had on Herbert is unknown. Sav-a-Lot Thrift Stores Mike Mozart /  CC BY 2.0  / Flickr In 1988 Baumeister borrowed $4,000 from his mother. He and Juliana opened a thrift store which they named Sav-a-Lot. They stocked it with gently-used quality clothing, furniture, and other used items. A percentage of the stores profit went to the Childrens Bureau of Indianapolis. It quickly grew in popularity and business was booming. It showed such a strong profit in the first year that the Baumeisters decided to open a second store. Within three years, the couple, who had until then lived paycheck to paycheck, were rich. Fox Hollow Farms In 1991 the Baumeisters moved to their dream home. It was an 18-acre horse ranch called Fox Hollow Farms in the upscale Westfield area, located just outside Indianapolis in Hamilton County, Indiana. Their new home was a large, beautiful, million dollar semi-mansion which had all the bells and whistles, including a riding stable and an indoor pool. Remarkably, Baumeister had turned into a well-respected man. He was seen as a successful businessman, a family man who gave to charities. What was not so ideal was the stress that came with the couple having to work so closely together each day. From the start of the business, Herbert treated Juliana like an employee and would often yell at her for no reason. To keep the peace, she would take a backseat to whatever business decisions had to made, but it took a toll on the marriage. Unknown to outsiders, the couple would argue and split up on and off over the next several years. The Pool House The Sav-a-Lot stores had a reputation for being clean and organized, but the opposite could be said about the way the Baumeisters kept their new home. The grounds that had always been meticulously maintained became overgrown with weeds. The inside of the home was equally neglected. The rooms were a mess, and it was obvious to visitors that housekeeping was a low priority for the couple. The only area that Baumeister seemed to care about was the pool house. He kept the wet bar stocked, and he filled the area with copious decor including mannequins that he dressed and placed around to give the appearance that a lavish pool party was going on.   The rest of the house displayed the hidden turmoil of the marriage. To escape, Juliana and the three children would stay with Herberts mother at her Lake Wawasee condominium. Baumeister would almost always stay behind to run the stores, or so he told his wife. The Human Skeleton In 1994, the Baumeisters son, 13-year-old Erich, was playing in a wooded area behind their home when he found a human skeleton that was partially buried. He showed the grisly find to Juliana, who in return showed it to Herbert. He told her that his father had used skeletons in his research and that, after finding it while cleaning the garage, he had taken it out to the back yard and buried it. Incredibly, Juliana believed her husbands weird answer. What Goes Up, Comes Down Not long after the second store opened, the business began to lose money and never stopped. Baumeister began drinking during the day and would return to the stores, drunk and act belligerently to customers and employees. The stores went from being orderly to looking like a dump. At night, unknown to Juliana, Baumeister cruised gay bars, and then returned home and retreated to his pool house where he would spend hours whimpering and crying like a child about the dying business. Juliana was exhausted from worry. Bills were piling up, and her husband was acting stranger every day. Missing Persons Investigations While the Baumeisters were busy trying to fix their failing business and marriage, there was a major murder investigation going on in Indianapolis.   Virgil Vandagriff was a highly respected retired Marion County Sheriff who in 1977 opened Vandagriff Associates Inc, a private investigation firm in Indianapolis which specialized in missing person cases. In June of 1994, Vandagriff was contacted by the mother of 28-year-old Alan Broussard, who she said was missing. The last time that she saw him, he was headed out to meet his partner at a popular gay bar called Brothers, and he never returned home. Almost a week later, Vandagriff received a call from another distraught mother about her missing son. In July, Roger Goodlet, 32, left his parents home to go out for the evening. He was going to a gay bar in downtown Indianapolis but never made it there.   Both Broussard and Goodlet shared similar lifestyles, looked like one another, were near to the same age, and seemed to vanish while in route to a gay bar. Vandagriff made up missing posters and distributed them at gay bars around the city. In a search for clues, the family and friends of the young men were interviewed as were several customers at gay bars. The only real clue that Vandagriff learned was that Goodlet was last seen willingly getting into a blue car with Ohio plates. He also received a call from a publisher of a gay magazine who wanted to make Vandagriff aware that there had been multiple cases of gay men disappearing in Indianapolis over the last few years.   Now convinced that they were dealing with a serial killer, Vandagriff went to the Indianapolis Police Department with his suspicions. Unfortunately, searching for disappearing gay men was apparently a low priority. Most of the investigators believed, more than likely, the men moved out of the area without telling their families, to freely live their gay lifestyles. The I-70 Murders Vandagriff also learned about an ongoing investigation into multiple murders of gay men in Ohio. The murders began in 1989 and ended in mid-1990. Bodies had been found dumped along Interstate 70 and were dubbed the I-70 Murders in the newspapers. Four of the victims had been from Indianapolis. Brian Smart Within weeks of Vandagriff posting the missing posters, he was contacted by Tony Harris (fictitious name per his request) who said he was certain that he had spent time with the person responsible for Roger Goodlets disappearance. He also said that he had gone to the police and the F.B.I, but they disregarded his information. Vandagriff set up a meeting and, in a series of interviews that followed, a bizarre story slowly unfolded. According to Harris, he was at a gay club when he noticed a man who seemed to be overly captivated by the missing persons poster of his friend, Roger Goodlet. As he continued to watch the man, there was something in his eyes that convinced him that the man knew something about Goodlets disappearance. To try to learn more, he introduced himself. The man said his name was Brian Smart and that he was a landscaper from Ohio. When Harris tried to bring up Goodlet, Smart would become evasive and change the subject. As the evening progressed, Smart invited Harris to join him for a swim at a house where he said he was temporarily living. He said he was doing the landscaping for the new owners who were away. Harris agreed and got into Smarts Buick which had Ohio plates. Harris was not familiar with northern Indianapolis, so he was unable to say where the house was located. He was able to describe the area as having horse ranches and large homes. He also described a split-rail fence and a sign that he could partially see that read Farm something. The sign was at the front of the driveway that Smart had turned into. Harris went on describe a large Tudor home which he and Smart entered from a side door. He described the interior of the home as being congested with a lot of furniture and boxes. He followed Smart through the house and out down some steps to the bar and a pool area that had mannequins set up around the pool. Smart offered Harris a drink, which he turned down.   Smart excused himself and when he returned he was a lot more talkative. Harris suspected that he had snorted cocaine. At some point, Smart brought up autoerotic asphyxiation (receiving sexual pleasure from choking and being choked) and asked Harris to do it to him. Harris went along and choked Smart with a hose while he masturbated.   Smart then said it was his turn to do it to Harris. Again, Harris went along, and as Smart began choking him, it became obvious that he was not going to let go. Harris pretended to pass out, and Smart released the hose. When Harris opened his eyes, Smart became rattled and said he was scared because Harris had passed out.   Harris was considerably larger than Smart which was probably the only reason he survived. He also refused drinks earlier in the evening that Smart had prepared. Smart ended up driving Harris back to Indianapolis, and they agreed to meet again the following week.   To find out more about Brain Smart, Vandagriff arranged to have Harris and Smart followed when they met the second time. But Smart never showed up. Believing that Harris story had merit, Vandagriff turned again to the police, but this time he contacted Mary Wilson, who was a detective that worked in Missing Persons, and one that Vandagriff respected and trusted. She drove Harris to the wealthy areas outside Indianapolis on the chance that he might recognize the house that Smart took him to, but they came up empty. It was a year later that Harris would meet up with Smart again. They happened to show up at the same bar one night, and Harris was able to get Smarts license plate number. He gave the information to Mary Wilson, and she ran a check. The license plate was matched, not to Brian Smart, but to Herbert Baumeister, the wealthy owner of Sav-a-lot. As she discovered more about Baumeister, she agreed with Vandagriff. Tony Harris had narrowly escaped becoming a victim of a serial killer. Confronting a Monster Detective Wilson decided on a direct approach and went to the store to confront Baumeister. She told him that he was a suspect in an investigation into several missing men. She requested that he allow investigators to search his home. He refused and told her that, in the future, she should go through his lawyer. Wilson then went to Juliana and told her the same thing that she had told her husband, hoping to get her to agree to a search of the property. Juliana, although shocked by what she was hearing, also firmly refused. Next, Wilson tried to get Hamilton County officials to issue a search warrant, but they refused. They felt that there was not enough conclusive evidence to warrant it. The Melt Down Herbert Baumeister appeared to go through an emotional breakdown over the next six months. By June, Juliana had reached her limit. The Childrens Bureau canceled the contract with the Sav-a-lot stores, and she was facing bankruptcy. The fairytale fog that she had been living in began to lift as did her loyalty to her semi-deranged husband. What also had not left her mind since she first spoke to Detective Wilson, was the haunting image of the skeleton that her son had discovered two years earlier. She made a decision. She was going to file for divorce and tell Wilson about the skeleton. She was also going to let detectives search the property. Herbert and his son Erich were visiting Herberts mother at Lake Wawasee. It was the perfect time for her do it. Juliana picked up the phone and called her lawyer. The Boneyard On June 24, 1996, Wilson and three Hamilton County officers walked out into the grassy area just feet from the patio area of the Baumeisters home. As their eyes began to focus, they could clearly see that what appeared to be small rocks and pebbles, all across the backyard where the Baumeister children had played, were bone fragments.   Wilson knew that it would turn out to be human bones, but the Hamilton County officers were uncertain. Fortunately, in less than a day, Wilson got a confirmation from forensics. The rocks were fragments of human bones. The following day, police and firemen swarmed the property and began excavation. Bones were found everywhere, even on the neighbors land. In a matter of days, 5,500 bones and teeth were found in the backyard. A search of the rest of the property produced more bones. By the time the excavation was complete, it was estimated that the bones were from 11 men. However, only four victims could be identified. They were: Roger Allen Goodlet; 34; Steven Hale, 26 Richard Hamilton, 20; and Manuel Resendez, 31. Erich Baumeister When the police discovered the bone fragments in the backyard, Juliana began to panic. She feared for the safety of her son Erich who was with Baumeister. So did the authorities.  Herbert and Juliana were already in the beginning stages of divorce. It was decided that before police discoveries at the Baumeisters hit the news, Herbert would be served with custody papers demanding that Erich return to Juliana. Fortunately, when Baumeister was served with the papers, he turned Erich over without incident, figuring that it was just legal maneuvering on Julianas part. Suicide Once news of the bones being uncovered was broadcasted, Baumeister vanished. It was not until July 3 that his whereabouts would be known. His body was discovered inside his car. In an apparent suicide, Baumeister had shot himself in the head while parked at Pinery Park, Ontario. He wrote a three-page suicide note explaining his reasons for taking his life were due to his problems with the business and his failing marriage. There was no mention of the murder victims scattered in his backyard. Baumeister Linked to I-70 Murders With Juliana Baumeisters help, investigators of the Ohio murders pieced together evidence that linked Baumeister to the I-70 murders. Receipts provided by Juliana showed that Baumeister had traveled along I-70 during the times that the bodies were found dumped along the interstate.   A sketch drawn from a description by an eyewitness, who thought he saw the I-70 murderer, looked like Baumeister. Bodies had also stopped showing up along the interstate at the same time that Baumeister moved into Fox Hollow Farms where he had plenty of land to hide bodies.

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Renewable resources may also mean  commodities  such as  wood,  paper, and  leather, if harvesting is performed in a sustainable manner. This is key, for example if the world wishes to have a regularly supply of paper in offices, schools etc it is vital that the sustain the trees and make sure they are re-planting the same or even more trees in replacement to the ones that they have cut and used for making paper. This has an overall impact on the green house effect. The less the trees there are on the planet it will have a negative impact on how the earth works. Green house gases can cause extreme damaged to the earth which leads to bad weather conditions. Pollution is also an issue which has been raised for the constant threat it causes to the environment and how the natural habitats of animals and forest are being destroyed due to pollution and tree harvesting. What impact do the following social constraints have upon the operation of an engineering company: workforce skill levels and training requirement, and the impact of outsourcing? Workforce skill levels and training requirement:- If the staff which is hired in the engineering company is not well trained and do not hold the required knowledge to work in the company, it will become increasingly difficult for the company to move ahead in their business as their time and energy will be spend in teaching employees information which is needed to work in an engineering company. Impact of outsourcing:- Outsourcing only becomes an issue when companies take their production and plants over to less economically developed countries where they are able to get workers who will not charge a large amount. This however can cause problems because it ethically raises concerns for the amount of work these people do for a very less amount of pay. The advantage to the companies is that they save large amounts of money because they have to pay less for more work. This would be a different scenario of the engineering plant was based in an eastern country where the workers have a right to get a minimum wage. Describe the appropriate legislation and standards, which apply to the design of fridges. The Refrigerator Safety Act was enacted in 1956. The Acts regulations which became effective October 30, 1958 require a mechanism (usually a magnetic latch) which enables the door to be opened from the inside in the event of accidental entrapment. This type of latch, therefore, makes the hazardous refrigerators manufactured before that date easy to identify. The serious entrapment hazard occurs when children, during play, climb inside the old abandoned or carelessly stored refrigerators to hide. Many of these refrigerators are still in use, and when they are carelessly discarded or stored where they are accessible to children, they become a danger. Fridges and Freezers contain dangerous CFC gases that damage the ozone layer. In most areas, old fridges/freezers can be taken to Household Waste and Recycling Centers. From here they should be away for degassing, where the coolant gases (CFCs) are removed and stored by a specialist for recycling. Some fridges/freezers can be re-used or some materials recycled. There are two things that need to be known for refrigeration. A gas cools on expansion. When you have two things that are different temperatures that touch or are near each other, the hotter surface cools and the colder surface warms up. This is a law of physics called the Second Law of Thermodynamics. graphic of refrigerator system Old Refrigerators If you look at the back or bottom of an  older  refrigerator, youll see a long thin tube that loops back and forth. This tube is connected to a pump, which is powered by an electric motor. Inside the tube is Freon, a type of gas. Freon is the brand name of the gas. This gas chemically is called Chloro-Flouro-Carbon or CFC. This gas was found to hurt the environment if it leaks from refrigerators. So now, other chemicals are used in a slightly different process (see next section below). CFC starts out as a liquid. The pump pushes the CFC through a lot of coils in the freezer area. There the chemical turns to a vapor. When it does, it soaks up some of the heat that may be in the freezer compartment. As it does this, the coils get colder and the freezer begins to get colder. In the regular part of your refrigerator, there are fewer coils and a larger space. So, less heat is soaked up by the coils and the CFC vapor. The pump then sucks the CFC as a vapor and forces it through thinner pipes which are on the outside of the refrigerator. By compressing it, the CFC turns back into a liquid and heat is given off and is absorbed by the air around it. Thats why it might be a little warmer behind or under your refrigerator. Once the CFC passes through the outside coils, the liquid is ready to go back through the freezer and refrigerator over and over. Todays Refrigerators Modern refrigerators dont use CFC because CFCs are harmful to the atmosphere if released. Instead they use another type of gas called HFC-134a, also called tetrafluoroethane. HFC turns into a liquid when it is cooled to -15.9 degrees Fahrenheit (-26.6 degrees Celsius). A motor and compressor squeezes the HFC. When it is compressed, a gas heats up as it is pressurized. When you pass the compressed gas through the coils on the back or bottom of a modern refrigerator, the warmer gas can lose its heat to the air in the room. Remember the law of thermodynamics. As it cools, the HFC can change into a liquid because it is under a high pressure. The liquid flows through whats called an expansion valve, a tiny small hole that the liquid has to squeeze through. Between the valve and the compressor, there is a low-pressure area because the compressor is pulling the ammonia gas out of that side. When the liquid HFC hits a low pressure area it boils and changes into a gas. This is called vaporizing. The coils then go through the freezer and regular part of the refrigerator where the colder liquid in the coil pulls the heat out of the compartments. This makes the inside of the freezer and entire refrigerator cold. The compressor sucks up the cold gas, and the gas goes back through the same process over and over. Task 9 (P7) (A) Define the following terms:- (a) Fixed cost: cost that remains constant regardless of sales volume. Fixed costs include salaries of executives, interest expense, rent, depreciation, and insurance expenses. (b) Overhead cost:- total of all costs of manufacturing except direct materials and direct labour, also called manufacturing overhead, indirect manufacturing expenses, factory expenses, and factory burden. In addition to indirect material and indirect labour, it includes such items as depreciation, setup costs, quality costs, cleanup costs, fringe benefits, payroll taxes, and insurance. (c) Variable cost: Variable costs are expenses that change in proportion to the activity of a business. In other words, variable cost is the sum of marginal costs. It can also be considered normal costs. Along with fixed costs, variable costs make up the two components of total cost. Task 10 (M2) Explain the impact of legislation on a specific operation within a typical engineering company in terms of benefits and limitations. Health and safety can be applied to this question as the engineering company must apply to this legislation as it is the law to ensure the health and safety of the workers within an engineering company. The benefits are that the workers are all looked after under the correct health and safety rules. The limitations may occur in terms of costs, the amount of money a company has to spend on ensuring the health and safety is precise. An engineering company would require more health and safety rules as it involves machinery which usually is operated by workers. The long term growth of the company is vital and health and safety will always play an important part in making sure the company always does well in the business environment. Health and safety not only protects the workers of the companies and factories but will have an overall positive impact on the organisation if it is used well and sustained all the time as well as updated in order to stay ahead of any new health and safety acts which the government may introduce. Health and safety can positively influence a business with the following:- Improved health and safety performance by your business will reduce the costs associated with accidents and incidents. Improved awareness of regulatory requirements reduces the chance that you will commit any offences. The Health Safety Executive will generally regulate your business with a lighter touch if it is well managed. If employees see that you are actively looking after their health and safety, relations and morale will  improve. The public see that you are taking a responsible attitude towards your employees. This improves your image and helps generate positive PR for your business.   Improving the efficiency of your business reduces your costs. You can demonstrate to your insurers that you are controlling risk effectively. This may help lower your insurance premiums. Banks and investors will be more willing to finance your business if you can show that it is well managed. Business partners have more confidence in your business. Larger companies and government agencies may only buy from businesses that can show effective management systems. When exporting into different countries, companies under heavy scrutiny in the form of trade limitations which have an effect on these firms, in many cases companies have to pay in order to export which has an overall impact on costs. Trade barriers  are generally defined as government laws,  regulations,  policy, or practices that either protect domestic products from foreign competition or artificially  stimulate  exports of particular domestic products. While  restrictive business  practices sometimes have a similar effect, they are not usually regarded as trade barriers. The most common foreign trade barriers are government-imposed measures and policies that restrict, prevent, or  impede  the  international exchange  of goods and services. Other forms of trade barriers are also put up such as tariffs and subsidies which are areas which need to be dealt with when exporting. Task 11 (M3) (A)Explain the concept of marginal cost. The marginal cost of an additional unit of output is the cost of the additional inputs needed to produce that output.   More formally, the marginal cost is the derivative of total production costs with respect to the level of output. For example:- Marginal Costs are the additional costs imposed when one more unit is produced. If the cost of making 9 pieces of pizza is  £90 and the cost of making 10 pieces is  £110, the marginal cost of producing the tenth piece of pizza is  £20. (B)Explain how the cost effectiveness of an engineering activity could be improved:- If an engineering company is facing the following concerns it maybe that they need to change their ways into something more cost effective and take advantage buy saving on unnecessary costs and a high profit in the end:- Products delivered late?   The company will have to face huge issues if the products they are sending out to customers are not delivered on time. In many cases companies may need to credit full orders and compensate customers if they have lost money due to them. A high rate in late deliveries will have an influence on the overall productivity of the company; hence they will be potentially dealing with a scenario which results in a loss for the company. Inadequate product quality?   Company will lose customers if the quality standards are not maintained. Customers will go and search for different suppliers who are willingly to supply better quality products at the right price rather than bad quality for the same price. They would also have to face the disadvantages of using a bad quality product which could potentially impact their business and increase costs in many areas of their business. Development costs too high?   If development costs are too high, the company needs to be ensuring that what they are working one such as a new product is actually worth the extra costs, it is vital that the product innovative and can guarantee a sale in the future which successfully covers the costs that is being put on it during the design and development stage. Getting less than you need from your engineering organization? The engineering company must always ensure that each department has been given the right resources and workers who maintain a steady work ethic and are able to make their departments meet targets at the end of every month. In order to make an engineering company work better, they could introduce a better system which can save costs within the production process. The following can also be considered when taking in cost effectiveness in engineering:- Concept Design Innovative concepts can lead to high expensive resources being used on it, therefore this areas needs to be monitored carefully and it must be ensured that the concept designs are worthy for the company and can turn into a profitability project. Detailed Design Engineering is a subject which requires detailed design and it is essential that throughout each stage of the designing, that it is important to make sure that everything has been completed in detail so when engineers need to go back and double check, they can solutions to problems more quickly rather than wasting precious time. This will help with the overall cost effectiveness of the company, good research and impressive engineering work. Failure Analysis Ensuring that failures are not repeated as that could potentially harm the business and will most likely have an impact on the cost effectiveness. Product Pricing Design for Manufacture and Assembly Important aspects as they are areas in which more funds will need to be pumped into the business hence accuracy in pricing is required by the sales department. Packaging Cost effective, cheap suppliers who sell good quality packaging for the products is what the company should be looking for in order to be cost effective. Supporting new product builds on assembly line Making new products on the assembly line along with normal products, must be a worthwhile product as it will be using up valuable time and will have an overall impact on the cost effectiveness if the product is worth it or not. Managing Production Emergencies The routine should be practiced and rehearsed when an emergency takes place on the factory floor, any mistakes could cost more lives and impact on machinery could lead to be very expensive. Health and safety routines and fire drills should be rehearsed precisely in order to prevent any serious costs. MS Office (Word, Excel, Power Point) All staff who uses Office documents should be well trained and should be able to know how to use it to its full potential as it will be cost waste if a product which has been brought is not being used properly due to staff not very trained and are not understanding the basic concepts of using the software package. Task 12 (D2) Evaluate the importance and possible effect of the external factors that directly impact on an engineering company. External factors which could have a possible impact on an engineering company; customers have affects on the company with volumes, complexity of the products, the quality requirements, and delivery timing requirements. Vendors have affects with a lot of the same issues, quality of supplies, delivery and reaction times, cost changes, and availability. Internal factors availability and quality of workforce, capacity of equipment, financial capacity, and engineering ability to develop products and standards, costs of production. These factors are very important and need to be addressed by the engineering companies properly. Customers: And engineering company must ensure that they understand correctly what their customer is looking for in the products that they are making. It is no use if the products which are being delivered to them are not of the correct quality and do not meet the necessary rules and requirements the customer had set out when doing a contract with the engineering company. Customers will search for new producers of their products if their needs and wants are not met by the company. The companys main concern is to ensure that customer satisfaction levels are always high and that the service level agreement is always maintained. Vendors: The engineering company will need to ensure that their suppliers are sending them the right raw materials and most importantly at the required times. Any delays in raw material arriving will mean that the production will start late, this will have a overall impact on all the departments who are waiting for the product to be prepared as well as the customer being impacted as there order has been sent late. This can cause huge concerns as many customers ship their products across to various destinations around the world. Any delays in shipping will mean they will be fined with extra costs and will be not satisfied with the overall services they have received. Timing is precise in a situation like this as one mistake could cost a company millions of pounds. Workforce: This is an internal factor which plays an important part in a company. Skilled workers are essential in engineering companies as the work that is being carried out has been made by high skilled and intelligent employees who need to ensure that when the product becomes a physical object and not something which they have designed on paper, they should be able to work with workers who understand the design techniques very well in order for the product to be of a high quality. Other issues which need to be considered during the factory floor is the capacity of equipment, financial capacity, and engineering ability to develop products and standards, costs of production.

Prairie Dogs: A Modern Day Plague :: Free Argumentative Essays

Prairie Dogs ? A Modern Day Plague Almost Every Morning on the plains of eastern Colorado, rancher Ken Holmes squints through a riflescope and sights in on a fat, little prairie dog. At the blink of an eye, he pulls the trigger and a hollow-tipped slug erupts from the barrel. Two hundred yards later, the slug explodes in the prairie dog scattering its ravaged flesh across the plains. Some people say that this is a horrible act, but for ranchers like Ken Holmes, it's away to save his grazing fields. The prairie dog is a controversial animal because many people perceive them to be a prolific nuisance. Shooting and poisoning has reduced an extremely large population, which once covered most of the western U.S. and northern Mexico. In Texas, the historic population at the turn of the century in 1900 was estimated to be approximately 5.5 billion animals. Today, numbers of prairie dogs in Texas are estimated at only 300,000 (cdri). Maybe if these numbers keep decreasing at such an alarming rate, the prairie dog problem may actually come to an end. So no local, state, or federal government should try to bring these numbers up. This animal digs gigantic burrows, and makes extensive tunnels underneath the Earth's surface (bitterroot). This natural act the prairie dog makes kills grass and destroys fields taking away feed for cattle and crops for food. Many scientists believe that this act is a natural fertilizer, giving nutrients back to the soil (National Geographic p.116). If this natural act is a fertilizer, then why are many ranchers and farmers faced with a loss of money. Usually due to the fact that these burrows take up a wide range of they're fields making it difficult to grow and raise anything for a profit. Also, if this fertilizing act actually fertilizes the land, then why is it that they seem to destroy a field rather than help it? Rather than try to shoot them or poison them, some have tried to set aside protected areas, and relocate the prairie dogs. In Boulder, Colorado, approximately 20,000 feet of visual barrier was installed along boundaries of these protected areas. The cost of that was $23,000, but that figure represents only enough to cover about 7.5% of the perimeter surrounding the area. It would require an additional $242,350 to finish that barrier. Instead of this expensive barrier, relocating them was the second option. In order to do this, it would cost upwards of $100,000 just to move them somewhere else (ci boulder). That is a lot of money to be throwing around on an animal that not many people like. If people were going to